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Open source Geographic Information System (GIS) have been fostering spatial data research such as Earth observation and environmental monitoring for more than 30 years. More recently, globally available geospatial information combined with web technologies are providing new environments and tools for data handling. Thus, binding the mapping and processing capabilities of traditional GIS to the accessibility and reliability of web-based data providers can bring new opportunities for research. In this paper, we built a QGIS plugin to explore the integration of different public data providers in Brazil along with field data produced by the BONDS project. The biOdiversity conservatioN with Development in Amazon wetlandS project (BONDS) proposes to develop biodiversity scenarios for the Amazonian floodplains aiming to support solutions to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. The use of web services enabled dynamic and fast access to several products ranging from remote sensing images, land use and land cover, territorial cartography, water quality, to COVID-19 health data, and more. © 2022 National Institute for Space Research, INPE. All rights reserved.
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Objetivo: Esta revisao narrativa tem como objetivo resumir a literatura sobre associacoes entre o Grupo sanguineo ABO e COVID-19. Metodologia: Foram selecionados 147 artigos pesquisados entre os anos de 2012 a 2022, usando multiplas combinacoes de palavras chaves nas bases de dados PubMed. Resultados: Dos 147 artigos;40 abordaram sobre grupo ABO e infeccoes;10 sobre a suscetibilidade a infeccao por SARS-CoV-2;25 sobre a gravidade da COVID-19 entre os grupos sanguineos;30 sobre a relacao genetica com suscetibilidade e gravidade;6 abordando a ligacao com o tipo sanguineo ABO e COVID-19 mostrando mecanismos e contribuicoes para a interpretacao de associacoes vistas;14 que relataram a iniciacao da proteina S e interacao das celulas hospedeiras com SARS-CoV-2;e 10 mostrando a relacao do grupo sanguineo ABO e risco cardiovascular em pacientes com COVID-19. Discussao: O grupo sanguineo ABO e conhecido por ser um fator que influencia a suscetibilidade a doencas infecciosas, e muitos estudos tem descrito associacoes entre tipos sanguineos ABO e infeccao e gravidade por COVID-19, com achados conflitantes. O tipo sanguineo O esta associado principalmente a taxas mais baixas de infeccao por SARS-CoV-2, enquanto o tipo sanguineo A e frequentemente descrito como um fator de risco. Embora os resultados sobre o risco de desfechos graves sao mais variaveis, o tipo sanguineo A e o mais associado a gravidade e mortalidade por COVID-19, enquanto muitos estudos descrevem o tipo sanguineo O como fator protetor para a progressao da doenca. Alem disso, associacoes geneticas com tanto o risco de infeccao quanto a gravidade da doenca foram relatados para o locus ABO. Alguns mecanismos subjacentes foram hipotetizados para explicar as associacoes relatadas, com dados experimentais incipientes. Tres hipoteses sao sugeridas: SARS-CoV-2 poderia transportar estruturas semelhantes a ABO(H) em suas glicoproteinas do envelope viral e seriam transmitidos assimetricamente devido a um efeito protetor dos anticorpos ABO. Os antigenos ABH poderiam facilitar a interacao do SARS-CoV-2 com as celulas do hospedeiro e a associacao de tipos sanguineos nao O com maiores riscos de eventos tromboembolicos poderia conferir aos pacientes com COVID-19 com tipo sanguineo O, um risco menor de desfechos graves. Os mecanismos hipoteticos afetariam distintos aspectos da historia natural do COVID-19, com distintas implicacoes potenciais para a transmissao da doenca e seu manejo. Conclusao: um levantamento da literatura de estudos epidemiologicos sugere que a ABO tipo sanguineo pode ser um fator de influencia para a infeccao por SARS-CoV-2 e gravidade da COVID-19. Embora os resultados sejam conflitantes e bastante variavel, o tipo sanguineo O esta associado principalmente ao menor risco de SARS-CoV-2 infeccao, enquanto o tipo sanguineo A, com maior risco. Apesar disso, ha poucos dados experimentais sobre este assunto, mais estudos sao necessarios para elucidar os mecanismos subjacentes as associacoes relatadas, que e fundamental para uma compreensao mais profunda da relacao entre o grupo sanguineo ABO e COVID-19 e se pode ou nao ser traduzido em estrategias de prevencao ou tratamento desta doenca. Copyright © 2022
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Purpose: To evaluate the seroconversion rate in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), compared to two non-transplanted groups of patients, and identify predictors of seroconversion in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Method(s): A retrospective cohort study enrolled RT-PCR COVID-19 diagnosed patients (Mar/20 and Oct/2020) of three groups: 601 KTR, 211 health care workers (HCW), and 170 non-transplanted inhabitants (INH) in a countryside city in the state of Sao Paulo - Brazil. At least 14 days after diagnosis, all survivors underwent antibody testing by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (titter expressed in RLU). The primary outcome was seroconversion. The group-adjusted multivariable model for the probability of seroconversion was built by generalized linear mixed models with binary logistic regression and the discrimination performance by AUC-ROC. Result(s): Several differences were observed among groups regarding demographic data and COVID-19 clinical presentation. Of note, KTR were older (54.0 years old vs. 37.0 in HCW vs. 42.0 in INH, P<0.001), more frequently had comorbidities (P<0.001), and severe COVID-19 (P<0.001). Compared to HCW and INH, respectively, admission to ICU (44.9% vs. 0% vs. 1.8%), MV requirement (32.3% vs. 0% vs. 1.8%), and death (28.8% vs. 0% vs. 1.2%) were significantly more frequent in KTR (P<0.001). On the other hand, the seroconversion rate was not different among survivors: 76.2% for KTR, 74.9% for HCW, and 82.2% for INH (P=0.35). The IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was slightly higher among INH: 5.8 RLU vs. 5.4 for KTR and 4.4 for HCW (P=0.009). Seroconversion was associated with a shorter time between infection and blood sample collection (OR for each day= 0.986;P<0.001) and increased by 64% if the fever was a COVID-19 symptom (OR=1.737;P=0.017), 78% if the cough was present (OR=1.785;P=0.005) and 98% if the ventilatory support was required (OR=1.981;P=0.017). This predictive model achieved an AU-ROC of 0.730 (P<0.001). Conclusion(s): As expected, the rates of clinical deterioration to ICU admission, MV requirement, and death were significantly higher among KTR. However, among the survivors, KTR had a similar rate of seroconversion, associated with clinical severity parameters and a shorter time of blood sample collection.
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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical consequences at 3 months after symptom onset among kidney transplant recipients surviving COVID-19. Method(s): This is an ongoing single-center observational prospective study including adult kidney transplant recipients who were diagnosed and survived after COVID-19 between 03/20/2020 and 05/31/2021. Patients who lost their graft were excluded. The patients are scheduled to receive a telephone contact at 3 months after symptom onset from the clinical research team. The call consisted of a structured questionnaire of symptoms with binary answers (yes or no). The questionnaire included the following symptoms: headache, dizziness, anosmia/ageusia, weakness, myalgia, inappetence, diarrhea, and dyspnea, which could be presented before and/or after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Those patients with at least one symptom presented only after the disease, were defined as having Long-COVID-19. Subsequently, the clinical research team included a question about the work status. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors associated with Long-COVID-19. Result(s): There were 1,731 patients with COVID-19, with 455 deaths and 36 graft losses. Of the remaining 1,240 patients, 454 (36%) didn't answer our calls, yielding a final cohort of 786 patients. Of them, 217 (28%) developed Long-COVID-19. The incidence of each symptom at 3 months was: dyspnea (7%), myalgia (12%), weakness (11%), headache (10%), dizziness (7%), diarrhea (4%), inappetence (4%) and anosmia/ageusia (3%). About 1% of our patients needed domiciliary O2. Of those who we obtained the working status (n=239), 95 (40%) were employed before COVID-19 and 79 of them (83%) had returned to their original work at 3 months. After COVID-19 diagnosis, 44% of the patients were hospitalized (31% in ICU), 35% used supplemental O2, and 5% required mechanical ventilation. Fever (53%), shiver (39%), nausea (3%), anosmia/ageusia (59%), hospitalization (67%), and adverse cardiovascular events (3%), such as thrombosis or myocardial infarction, were risk factors associated with subsequent development of Long-COVID-19, using adjusted multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion(s): The incidence of Long-COVID-19 at 3 months was 28% and was associated with reduced quality of life and return to work. Several COVID-19 associated symptoms and disease severity markers were associated with Long- COVID-19.
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Background: There are no objective criteria for the discontinuation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients who have acute kidney injury (AKI). It is unknown if Kinetic Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (KeGFR) can be used as assessment of renal recovery in patients who underwent RRT. Methods: All critical patients in Hospital das Clínicas during September 2020 to May 2021 who started hemodialysis due to AKI and remained free of RRT for at least 2 consecutive days were included. Patients who stopped RRT due to decision for exclusive palliative care or hemodynamic instability were excluded. Patients were divided in two groups: Success group (free from RRT for 7 consecutive days after their last RRT session) and failure group. Discontinuation day was defined as the second day without RRT. Variables were expressed as median (25th and 75th percentile) and categorical data as percentage. Mann Whitney test was used. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: 72 patients were enrolled. COVID19, ischemia-reperfusion and sepsis were the main causes of AKI (37%;28,7%;24,6%, respectively), with no difference in prevalence between groups. Success group (n=47) presented higher KeFGR on the day of discontinuation (keGFR1) and in the day after (keGFR2) when compared to failure group (n=25): KeGFR1: Success: 18.76ml/min vs. failure: 10.21ml/min, p=0.05. KeGFR2: Success: 29.38ml/min vs. failure: 16.03ml/min, p<0.05. Success group had lower non renal SOFA score at discontinuation (4 vs. 6;p<0.05) and higher urine output (1600 vs. 725;p<0.05) when compared to failure group. There was no difference in diuretic use. Conclusions: KeGFR is higher in patients who succeed in stopping RRT and it may be an useful tool for decision-making. Supported by FAPESP.
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The early use of antimicrobial therapy has been introduced in many farms to prevent diarrhea and respiratory disease in young calves;however, there is controversy about whether this practice has a beneficial effect on the health of these animals. This study evaluated the influence of the early use of antimicrobials on the health and performance of neonatal Holstein calves. Twenty-six Holstein calves were screened and divided into two groups, according to the administration (ATB+), or not (ATB-) of tulathromycin (2.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) within the first 12 hours of life. Calves were evaluated by general clinical examination, fecal score, respiratory score, and external palpation of the umbilical region, besides fecal output of dry matter. Anemia was determined by using an automatic system and, also, using a commercial kit for iron dosage. Diarrhea was diagnosed by a centrifuge-flotation technique using a sugar solution (Cryptosporidium) and multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR (rotavirus/coronavirus). The performance of the calves was estimated by Daily Weight Gain (DWG). The young dairy calves were evaluated within 12 hours of birth (≤12h) and at 3-5th (D3-5), 7-9th (D7-9), 13-15th (D13-15), 20-23rd (D20-23), and 27-30th (D27-30) days of life. No difference was noted between the ATB+ and ATB- groups concerning heart rate, respiratory frequency, and rectal temperature. Erythrogram showed a higher frequency of anemia in ATB- group (P=0.016) at the D3-5 check-up;lower values of serum iron were also observed simultaneously (P=0.051). Thirteen cases of respiratory disease were detected during this study;however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard. The frequency of diarrhea (fecal score 2-3) was high in both groups, peaking at D13-D15. No differences were noted between the groups regarding the frequency of diarrhea when considering the dry fecal matter. The predominant etiological agent for diarrhea was Cryptosporidium spp.. The DWG was similar between groups, with maximum weight reduction on D13-15. The administration of tulathromycin in prophylactic dose (2.5mg/kg) at birth decreased the frequency of anemia but did not influence weight gain or the prevalence of diarrhea. © 2020 Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal. All rights reserved.